The role of united nations peacekeeping operations in addressing local conflicts resources is at the root cause of local conflict. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The breakthrough in the north south peace process has come at a time of escalating fighting in the farflung region of darfur. Many reasons have been posited for the resumption of armed conflict and why it is ongoing. Active violence continues, however, particularly by a nonsignatory armed group in the central equatoria region.
Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Splm, and border conflicts with the countrys northern neighbor, sudan. Peace and conflict assessment of south sudan 2012 5 executive summary this report is an assessment of peace, conflict and peacebuilding in south sudan, conducted between june 2011 and march 2012. The role of united nations peacekeeping operations in addressing local conflicts. The conflict began in 2003 when rebels launched an insurrection to protest what they contended was the sudanese governments disregard for the western region and its nonarab population. Local warming and violent conflict in north and south sudan. Understanding the literature the literature on conflict in south sudan published before independence tends to focus on the causes and dynamics of the second civil war 19832005 and post2005 local level conflicts, such as those between communities along the. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudan or north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. The roots of the current situations date back to 1983, when civil war resumed in sudan, led a southern militia, the sudanese peoples liberation army spla, the military arm of the sudanese peoples liberation movement. Representation and access to these resources have often been. Pdf south sudan struggle for independence, and its. In order to understand the south sudan civil war, however, we need to look at. Understanding the literature the literature on conflict in south sudan published before independence tends to focus on the causes and dynamics of the second civil war 19832005 and post2005 local level conflicts, such as those between communities along the contested border between sudan and south sudan or intra.
South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. The sources of conflict between the north and the south in sudan. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in. It is an outsiders view and will no doubt, given the complexity of south sudan, be full of gaps and generalisations. Pdf understanding the south sudan conflict outside the. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. South sudan did not make progress on establishing the. Yet in the past, oil production was linked with serious human rights abuses, such as forced displacement. Conflict profile since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war. Part v prescribes transitional justice structures to hold all sides. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples liberation movement splm in south sudan. South kordofans region heglig, claimed by south sudan and held by sudan, wa s captured by south sudanese army, chinese oil investments were subject to instability.
Understanding the sudan south sudan conflict liberation news. Incountry research took place over a threeweek period 30 november to 18 december, with. As a result, it features low on all global health and development performance indices. May 10, 2012 the worsening conflict in the sudan north and south sudan revolves around issues related to the demarcation of the border between the two countries, unresolved prior to the july 9, 2011, secession of south sudan, and broader issues of national autonomy as well as internal political struggles in the north.
Machar can be partly explained by the personal motives of and. The new political crisis is the convergence of two different conflicts. In response, the government equipped and supported arab militiaswhich came. However, the government did not address impunity for widespread conflict related sexual and genderbased violence against south sudanese. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service some accounts, the tgnu and the peace agreement on which it was based have collapsed, and reports suggest that both sides may be preparing for a return to fullscale war. The northsouth conflict in historical perspective t he peoples ofsouthern sudan have suffered nearly two centuries of colonial rule under the turkoegyptian, the mahdiya, the anglo egyptian, and the postindependencenorthern regimes.
Oil exports from the south had been halted and other conflicts had broken out in both. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. Systemic conflict transformation and inclusive governance. Education and conflict in south sudan by elizabeth hodgkin and edward thomas 6 december 2016 this article shares key insights from imatong state in south sudan ahead of a meeting at lambeth palace for educationalists, church leaders, aid workers and government. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. Justice and conflict in south sudan observations from a. Dec 10, 20 understanding south sudan internal conflict fighting erupted in the south sudan capital, juba, in middecember. Conflict mapping, ontological security and institutionalised conflict o n 15 and 16 december 20, violence broke out in juba, south sudan, with many thousands killed. In the context of ongoing conflict, donor governments, including the united states, may. The breakthrough in the northsouth peace process has come at a time of escalating. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. South sudan struggle for independence, and its implications for africa. With the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this paper seeks to not only. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples.
Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Historically, it was an islamic sultanate located in the western sudan. Revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the republic of south sudan rarcss 12 september 2018 this document has been produced for informational purposes. They signed the agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan arciss 2015 pdf. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. This flawed analytical emphasis on identity as a driver of conflict leads to incorrect diagnosis, and. Conflict between 19551976 and 19832005 between the colonially modernised arab north and the underdeveloped christian and animist south brought widespread civilian suffering.
The worsening conflict in the sudan north and south sudan revolves around issues related to the demarcation of the border between the two countries, unresolved prior to the july 9, 2011, secession of south sudan, and broader issues of. Download pdf flyer understanding the sudan south sudan conflict. There is little need to repeat yet again this rather long history. South sudan s civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. The theoretical foundation of the study is the ripeness theory as proposed by william zartman in his study of conflict resolution in studies starting from the 1980s.
The outbreak of conflict between government and opposition forces in july 2016 brought. The december 20 violent conflict in south sudan, the worlds newest and most fragile state, has shown that a statebuilding trajectory that only emphasises formal institutional development is not viable. Oliver wils this study was funded by the german federal ministry for economic cooperation and development bmz within the framework of the project fields of application of the systemic conflict transformation approach. Rita abrahamsens letter to george clooney2 chides the actor and his organizations, the.
Robert gerenge is the head of special programmes at the electoral institute for sustainable democracy in africa eisa. Understanding ugandasouth sudan business community trade relations 5 executive summary this study is the result of a factfinding mission to south sudans capital city of juba in november 20, led by international alert and including representatives from the uganda national chamber of commerce and industry uncci. The name darfur is from dar fur which in arabic means the land of the fur. In terms of sexual and reproductive health srh, south sudans challenges are particularly telling. Making it a benefit for all executive summary executive summary oil production is the key factor in the development of south sudan, since july 2011 the worlds newest independent country.
South sudan has experienced war and civil unrest for many decades now. The impression is sometimes given that the darfur conflict is a result of a civil war which started in the south and eventually radiated to darfur, including notably the southern blue nile, eastern sudan, nuba mountains and abyie regions some of the most underdeveloped and marginalized regions of. In september 2018, most parties to the conflict signed the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan rarcss, formally ending the fiveyear conflict. Republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. Sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile wikipedia. National peace agreements obscure local conflict armed violence has quietly killed thousands in south sudan in the seven years since the signing of the cpa. It is intended to summarize the key provisions of the rarcss 2018 for.
Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. Education and conflict in south sudan humanitarian. Behind this national scene and the description of the civil war as an opposition between the north and the south, local conflict events also multiplied within north and south sudan johnson, 2011. Covering an area of one million square miles, sudan is the largest country in africa, located in the northeast just south of egypt. Respondents explained that violence in the home most often begins with issues over resources. Understanding south sudan internal conflict fighting erupted in the south sudan capital, juba, in middecember.
A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 and the later. A separate conflict that remained unresolved centred on the darfur region in western sudan. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. It followed a power struggle between president salva kiir, a dinka, and his nuer exdeputy riek machar. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. The initial protagonists are kiir, a warrap dinka, and machar, a nuer of unity state. Official pdf, 58 pages world bank documents world bank group. The finer details of how it started are unclear and accounts of the violence are often conflicting.
Important to understanding the present predicament is that active fight. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. South sudan, civil war, power struggle, ethnic violence, international conflict mediation. Understanding south sudan internal conflict ias our dream. The role of united nations peacekeeping operations in. It analyses how local, national and international dynamics around independence in july 2011 and the end of the sixandahalfyear formal comprehensive. South sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the. Systemic conflict transformation and inclusive governance in. It is now impossible to disentangle them and resolve them separately. The impression is sometimes given that the darfur conflict is a result of a civil war which started in the south and eventually radiated to darfur, including notably the southern blue nile, eastern sudan, nuba mountains and abyie regions some of the most underdeveloped and marginalized regions of the sudan.
Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan 2 completely. Opposition leader riek machar returned to the capital, juba, for the first time since the conflict began, and his swearingin as first vice president. Oct 17, 2019 in september 2018, most parties to the conflict signed the revitalized agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan rarcss, formally ending the fiveyear conflict. Applying dynamical systems theory to understand local conflict in south sudan violence during peacetime. It is intended to summarize the key provisions of the rarcss 2018 for easy reading and understanding only. Misunderstanding indigenous legal values in south sudan. In december 20 south sudan exploded into civil war, three years after the souths secession. In the four months since this report was prepared, south sudan, the worlds newest country, continues to suffer from conflict, in the capital as well as in rural areas where there is natural resource development.
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